

■0/ 



William McK^inley. 



\ 



Memorial JIddress Delivered by 



JOHAl HAY, Secretary of State, 



In the Hall of the House of l^epresentatives 
February 27th, I902. 



With the Editorial Comments of 
W. C. P. BRECKINRIDGE. 

Editor Morning Herald. 



TRANSYLVANIA PrlESS. 



u 
M4 




J 




WILLIAM Mckinley. 



EDITORIJiL COMMENTS. 



Morning Herald, February 28, I902. 



The oration of Secretary Hay on 
William McKinley in the House of Rep- 
resentatives before an audience com- 
posed of the President and his Cabinet, 
the Justices of the Supreme Court and 
members of the bench of the District of 
Columbia, the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, the chief officers of the 
arm and navy and the representatives of 
foreign governments at Washington is 
worthy of the subject and the occasion. 
It is an oration that will live. It is a 
distinct and valuable contribution to 
the oratorical literature of America, and 
will take its place by the side of such 
orations as those of Binney on Chief 
Justice Marshall, Thomas F. Marshall 
on Richard H. Menifee, William C. Pres- 
ton on Hugh Legare, Blaine on Gar- 
field; the oration delivered at the lay- 
ing of the corner stone of the Clay 
monument, and other of those orations 
which have become classic in our lit- 
erature. It may not rank with those 
remarkable orations as Bossuet's ser- 
mon on Prince Conde, or Hugo's address 
on Voltaire. It does not belong to the 
same class of orations as the unrivalled 
oration of Pericles on the Athenian 
soldiers slain in the Peloponesian war. 
It is a scholarly production. There is 
not a sentence or a line in it that of- 
fends the most scrupulous taste, nor 
one that would grate on the ear of the 
severest critic. You know that it is pol- 
ished with the finest skill of the lapi- 



dary, but it does not show the evidence 
of his work, except by the simplicity of 
its style, the purity of the diction and 
the elevation of the thought. There are 
scattered through it some admirable 
passages, in which rather unusual 
thoughts are expressed in the most felic- 
itous language. There is not a part of 
the career of President McKinley that 
is not depicted courageously, but yet 
there is not a single discourteous, bit- 
ter or unpleasant thought in the whole 
oration. 

He holds up to the country a fair por- 
trait of the man, who was a Union sol- 
dier during the war, a Republican warm 
in his partisan associations, a protec- 
tionist intense in his beliefs and earn- 
est in his advocacy of its tenets; of a 
man always identified with the stronger 
element of his party, and expi-essing 
the views of those with whom he agreed 
in language. Nor do'^s he abate a jot 
or tittle of the character and opinions of 
McKinley during the troublesome di- 
visive period from 1860 until his death. 
And yet the most sensitive opponent 
could listen to him without irritation, or 
read the speech with sincere admira- 
tion. Those who agreed with the Pres- 
ident in his entire career will be satis- 
fied with the statement of the issues it 
which he took sides, of the contests in 
which he bore his part, of the causes to 
which he devoted his life; and yet those 
who were opposed to him will readily 



admit that the line of good taste was 
not overstepped a single inch. This is 
a rare quality in a speaker. The ora- 
;ion is absolutely candid, and yet it is 
equally courteous. 

We have read it with great interest. 
and we cordially commend it to our 
readers. We suggest to the pro- 
fessors in our two colleges and to the 
teachers in our schools to submit it to 
the young students and scholars as 
worthy of careful analysis and of 
thoughtful consideration. 

We sometimes hear that oratory is a 
lest art; that it belongs to yesterday, 
and is not of avail or importance in the 
practical business of the day. This ora- 
tion is a complete refutation of this 
silly utterance. 

The noblest of all musical instruments 
is the human voice. There is no instru- 
ment -which has such power over the 
human heart and such influence over hu- 
man action as this wondrous power of 
articulate speech. There is no human 
power £0 influential as the human 
brain. It is but little lower in its po- 
tentiality than the divine power. There 
is an occult, mysterious, but absolute 
and certain sympathy between human 
hearts; a heart stirred to its innermost 
depths with which a great brain is in 
hot sympathy, and the emotions of the 
one and the meditation of the other 
treated before a great audience in a 
voice full of music and power, will al- 
ways sway that audience. Oratory is in 
part a gift, and it is also a noble art; 
and. like all arts, it has ils various de- 
partments and its diverse uses. He 
would be a rash man who would under- 
take to define what oratory is, any 
more than one would undertake to de- 
fine what the art of painting is or poet- 
ry. Its uses are more varied and nu- 
/nerous than those of iany other art— 
to convince, to persuade, to entertain^ 



to charm, in whatever department the 
human soul is to operate and the human 
intellect is to be employed human 
speech is a most important and valuable 
art. 

The career of President McKinley in 
one aspect of it is an extremely natural 
career. There is nothing in it that 
startles ont. His growth was as natu- 
ral as that of a tree of the forest. His 
career was as sim.ple an evolution as 
that of any career in our history. The 
events of each succeeding day, with its 
added responsibilities and its greater 
powers, grew naturally out of the pre- 
ceding day. There was nothing in his 
life or career that surprised the coun- 
try , that startled the observer; and this 
career is developed in this oration in 
accordance with this somewhat re- 
markable characteristic. Looking at it 
from another standpoint it was a won- 
derous career. That a boy born in an 
obscure village, in a somewhat obscure 
rural neighborhood, in the center of the 
midland State of Ohio, of plain people, 
in stranghtened circurastances, should 
die the President of the United States 
after having added to the Republic of 
which he was the President the Phil- 
ippine Archipelago in the Pacific ocean, 
the Sandwich Islands and opened the 
way to our acquisition of the islands of 
the Carribean Sea. is a contrast that 
when studied in this way is as startling 
as any tale of Oriental life. We are in 
the habit of considering such changes as 
confined to the realm of fancy, the do- 
main of imagination, or the nations of 
the Orient; and yet our staid, prosaic 
and practical annals are full of these 
changes more remarkable than those 
we read in works of fiction or in ihe an- 
nals of Oriental nations; and among 
these careers none are more suggestive 
than that of President McKinley. But 
his career and that of Americans who 



have had substantially the same career, 
of whom our history is full — Americans 
like Jackson. Lincoln, Grant, Cleve- 
land, Hayes; Americans like unto Clay, 
Webster and others whose names our 
readers will recall — is one open to every 
American boy. Not merely his career in 
the narrow sense of its being similar to 
it; that is, that the boy may become 
Representative in Congress, Governor of 
his State and President; but upon a 
broader view, a career substantially like 
this, where a boy may become a leading 
statesman, admiral of the navy, com- 
manding genei'al of the army, a great 
financier, a muti-millionaire. a noble 
philanthropist, an artist of undying 
fame; for it is not the precise career 
which is given to one that is of import- 
ance. It is success in the career which 
one adopts that is of real import- 
ance. Every career is open to every 
American boy. There is no eminence 
so great that every barefooted newsboy 
may not look forward to the possibility 
of attaining. There is no fame so 
broad that any school boy on the 



benches of the smallest and meanest 
school house may not hope to attain. 
There is no success so marvelous as to 
be unattainable in this country of ours, 
in this generation in which our youth 
are called to act. This is the lesson oi 
this oration. This is the inspiration 
of the career which it holds up for con- 
templation. This is the blessedness of 
Ihe institutions under which we live; 
and this is only the smallest part of it, 
for eminence in any career is not given 
to the many, and it would not be wise 
if it were. Such success is not com- 
mon, and ought not to be, and there- 
fore, it is not and ought not to be a dis- 
appointment if such fame is not at- 
tained. The true lesson of our institu- 
tions and of our age is that every man 
is called to do his work, and can look 
forward to doing it successfully. It is 
not the eminence of the work but its 
quality which gives unto the 'worker 
his true position,. It is not the fame 
which the work brings, but the perfec- 
tion of the work which gives to him bis 
true and highest reward. 



WILLIAM Mc KIN LEY, 

Memorial Jiddress Delivered Before Congress 
By Mr. John Hay. 



For the third time the Congress of 
the United States are assembled to 
commemorate the life and death of a 
President slain by the hand of an as- 
sassin. The attention of the future 
his'i .rian will oe attracted to the feat- 
ures which reappear with startling 
sameness in all three of these awful 
crimes: the uselessness, the utter 
lack of consequence of the act; the ob- 
scurity, the insignificance of ihe 
criminal; the l)!amele3sness — so far 



as in our spnere of existence the best 
of men may be held blameless — of the 
victim. Not one of our murdered 
Presidents had Kn enemy in the 
world; they were all of such pre-em- 
inent purity of life that no pretext 
could be given for the attack of pas- 
sional crime; they were all men of 
democratic instincts who could never 
have offend^'i the most jealous advo- 
vates of equalit-^; they were of kindly 
and generous n-iiure, to whom wrong 



or injustice was imviossible; of mod- 
erate fortune, whose ^.tender means 
nob'vdy could envy. They wer^ men 
of austere virtue, of tender heart, of 
eminent aJailities, which they had de- 
v^oted with smgle minds to the good 
of the Republic. If ever me'- walked 
before God and man without uiame, it 
vas these three rulers of our people. 
The only temptation to attaclc their 
Uvv'.s offereu was their gentie ladi- 
ance — to eyes hating +he light that 
^as offense enough. 

The stupid uselessne? 5^ . f such in- 
famy affronts the "'^mmon f.ense of 
the world. One can co??'"?ive how the 
death of a (iiotator may chfinge the 
political condIt''7ns of an en:, 'ire; how 
;he extinction cr a narrowing line of 
kings may jring in an c.':-en dynasty. 
But in a well ordered itepublic like 
ours, the ruler may iail, bu-; me S'.ate 
feels no t;emo'' ^nr bt'-'tvea and re- 
vered leader is gcr.e — ^"ut the natural 
process cf our laws prrvldo.^ us a 
successor, identical in pUi:jG;'! and 
ideals, nourished by ^he same teach- 
ings, inspired by the same principles, 
pledged by tender affection a;^ v/ell as 
by high loyalty to carry to completion 
ths .mmense task committed u; his 
hands, and to smite with iron severity 
every manifestation of that hideous 
crime which his mild predecessor, 
with his dying breath, forga.ve. The 
sayings of celestial wisdom have no 
date; the words that r^ach us, over 
two thousanu yearsr, out of the darK- 
est hour of gloom the world has ever 
known, are true to the life today: 
"They know not what they do." The 
blow struck at our dear friend and 
ruler was as deadly as blind hate 
could make it; but the blow struck at 
anarchy was deadlier still. 

What a world of intoluble problems 
buch an event excites in the mind! 



Not merely in its personal, but in its 
public aspects, it presents a paiadox 
aot to be comprehended. Undev a 
^jys.em of government so free and so 
impartial that we recognize its •ys\fit- 
en^i-e only uy its benefactions; under 
a social cruar so purely democratic 
that classes can not exist in it, afford- 
ing opportunities so universal that 
even conditions are as changing as the 
winds, where the laborer of today is 
the capitalist of tomorrow; undei 
laws which are the result cf ages of 
evolution, so uniform and so benefi- 
cent that the President has just the 
same rights ana privileges as the ar- 
tisan; we see tue same hellish growth 
of hatred and murder which dogs 
equally the footsteps of benevolent 
monarchs anu blood-stained despots. 
How many countries can join with us 
in the community of a kindred sor- 
row! I will not speak of those distant 
regions where assassination enters 
into the daily life of government. But 
among the nations bound to us by the 
ties of familiar intercourse — who can 
forget that wise and mild Autocrat 
who had earned the proud title of the 
Liberator, that enlightened and mag- 
nanimous citizen whom France still 
mourns? that brave and chivalrous 
King of Italy who only lived for his 
people? and, saddest of all, that love- 
ly and sorrowing Empress, whose 
harmless life could hardly have ex- 
cited the animosity of a demon. 
Against that devilish spirit nothing 
avails — neither virtue, nor patriotism, 
nor age nor youth, nor conscience nor 
pity. We can not even say that edn- 
ration is a sufficient safeguard against 
this baleful evil — for most of the 
wretches whose ciimes have so shock- 
ed humanity in recent years are men 
not unlettered, who have gone from 



the common schools, throuiz;h mur(l?r, 
to I he scaffold. 

Our minds can not aiscem the ori- 
gin, nor conceive the extent of wick- 
edness so perve;s9 and so cruel; but 
this does not exempt us from the dutj' 
of trying to control and counteract it. 
We do not understand what electrici- 
iy is ; whence it com?s cr what its 
hidden properties may be. IJut we 
know it as a mighty force for good or 
evil — and so with the painful toil of 
years, men of learning and skill have 
labored to store and to subjugate it, 
to neutralize and even ;o employ its 
destructive energies. This problem of 
anarchy is uariv and intricate, but it 
ought to be within Ibe compass of 
democratic government — slthough no 
sane mind can fathom the mysteries 
if '.hese untracked and oibitless na- 
tures — to guard against their aberra- 
tions, to take ai-vay from them the 
hope of escape, t'e long luxury of 
scandalous days* .n court, the un- 
wholesome sympathy of hysterical de- 
generates, and so by degree? to make 
the crime not wor.h committing, even 
to these abnoimal and distorted souls. 

It would be presumptuous for me 
5n this presence to suggest the de- 
tails of remedial legislation for a mal- 
ady so malignant. That task may 
safely be left to the skill and patienco 
&f the National Congress, which has 
never been found unequal to any such 
emergency. The country believes that 
the memory uf three murdered com- 
rades of yours — all of whose voices 
still haunt these walls — will be a suf- 
ficient inspiration to enable you to 
solve even this abstruse nrd painful 
problem, which has dimmed Ro many 
pages of hislc r with blood and with 
tears. 

Before an audience less sympathet- 
ic than this, I should not dare to 



speak of ^hat great career which we 
have met to commemorate. But we 
are all his friends, and fiiends do not 
criticise each other's words about ai. 
open grave, i Ihank you for the hon- 
or you have done me in Inviting me 
here, and not less for the kind for- 
bearance I know I shall have from 
you in my most inadequate tffortd to 
speak of him woithily. 

The life of William McKinley was, 
from his birth to his death, typically 
American. There is no environment, 
I should say, anywhere else in the 
world which could produce just such 
a character. He was born into that 
way of life which e]=ewhere is called 
the middle class, but which in this 
country is so nearly universal as to 
make of other classes an almost neg- 
ligible quantity. Ke was neither rich 
nor poor, neither proud nor numble; 
he knew no hunger he was uot sure 
of satisfying, no luxury which could 
enervate mind or bodv. His parents 
were sober, God-fearing people; intel- 
ligent and upright; without pretension 
and without humility. He grew up in 
the company of boys like himself; 
wholesome, honest, self-respecting. 
They looked down on rnbody; they 
never felt it possible tney could be 
looked down upon. Their houses were 
I 'e homes of probity, piety, patriot- 
ism. They learned in the arlmivable 
school readers of fifty years ago the 
"essons of heroic and splendid life 
>■■ hich have come down from the past. 
They read in their weekly newspapers 
the story of the world's progress. In 
which they were eager to take part, 
and of the sins and wrongs of civili- 
zation wi h which they burned to do 
battle. It was a serious and thought- 
ful time. The boys of that day felt 
dimly, but deeply, that days of sharp 
struggle and high achievemen's were 



before them. They looked at iife 
\Yith ;he wondering yet resolute eyes 
of a young esquire in his vigil of 
arms, luey telt a time was coming 
when to them should be addressed the 
stern admonition of the apostle, "Quit 
you like men; be strong." 

It is not easy to give to those of a 
later genera, ion any clear idea of that 
extraordinary spiritual awakening 
which passeu over the country at the 
first red signal fires of the war be- 
tween the States. It was not our ear- 
liest apocalypse; a hundred years be- 
fore the naaon had been revealed \o 
itself, when aicer long discussion and 
much searching of heart (he people of 
the colonies uad resolved that to live 
without liberty was M^orse than to die, 
and had thereiore wagered in the 
solemn game of war "their lives, {heir 
fortunes, and their sacred honor." In 
a stress of heat and labcT unutterr.- 
ble, the country had been lammered 
and welded together; but ihereafter 
for nearly a centuiy there had been 
nothing in our life to touch the inner- 
most fountain of feeling and devotion; 
we had had rumors of wars — even 
wars we haci had, not without sacri- 
fices and glory — but nothing which 
went to the vital self-consciousness 
of the country, nothing which chal- 
lenged the nation's right to live. But 
in 1860 the nation was going down 
into the valley of Decision. The 
question which had been debated on 
thousands of platforms, which had 
been discussed in countle s publica- 
tions, which, thundered f.om innu- 
merable pulpits, had caused in their 
congregations the bitter srife and 
dissension to which only cases of con- 
science can give rise, was everywhere 
pressing for solution. And not mere- 
ly in the various channels of publicity 
was it alive and clamorous. About 



eve.y fire utie in the land, in the con- 
versation of fi-iends anu neighbors, 
and, deepei still, in the secret of mil- 
lions of human hearts, ihe battle of 
opinion was waging and all men felt 
and saw — witn more or less clearness 
— that an answer to the importunate 
qL'.r-stion, ^.^an the nation live? was 
due, and not o be denied. And I do 
not mean that in the Nor h alone there 
was this austere wiestling with con- 
science. In tne South as well, below 
all the effervescence and excitement 
of a people perhaps more given to elo- 
quent speech than we weie, there was 
the profound agony of question and 
answer, the summons to decide wheth- 
er honor and freedom did not call 
them to revolution and war. It is easy 
for partisanship to say that the one 
side was rignt and the other was 
wrong. It is siiU easier for an indo- 
lent magnanimity to say that both 
were right. Perhaps in the wide view 
of e hies one is always right to follow 
his conscience, though it lead him 
to disaster and death. But histo.y is 
inexorable. She takes no account of 
sentiment and intention; and in her 
cold and luminous eyes that side is 
right which ughts in harmony with 
the stars in their courses. The men 
are rignt through whoce efforts and 
struggles the world is helped onwa. d, 
and humanity moves to a higher level 
and a brighter day. 

The men who are living t ;)day and 
who were young in 1860 will never 
forget the glory and glamour hat 
filled tiie earth and the sky when the 
long twilight of doubt and uncertain- 
ty was ending and the time of action 
had come. A speech by Abraham 
Lincoln was an event not onlj of high 
moral significance, but of far-reaching 
importance; tne drilling of a militia 
comiiany by Ellsworth attrncted na- 



tioiml rtUeii ion; Uie lluUcriUc' of the 
fiag in the clear sky drew tears from 
lue eyes of young men. Patriotism, 
Y.'hich liau been a rhetorical expres- 
sion, became a passionate emotion, in 
which instinct, logic and feeling were 
fv&od. The count: y was worth sav- 
ing; it could be saved only by fire; 
no sacrifice was too great; ;he young 
men of the country were ready for 
the sacrifice; come weal, come woe, 
they were ready. 

At 17 years of age William McKinley 
heard this summons of his country. 
He was the sort of youth to whom a 
militaiy life in ordinary times w^ould 
posse3S no attractions. His na ure 
was far different from that of the ord- 
inary soldier. He had other dreams 
nf life, its prizes and pleasures, than 
that of marches and battles. But lo 
his mind there was no choice or ques- 
tion. The banner floaang in the morn- 
ing breeze was the beckoning gesture 
of his country. The thrilling notes of 
"■he trumpet called him — him and none 
Jther — into the ranks. His portra in 
L-s first uniform is familiar to you all 
— the short, stocky figure; the quiet, 
thoughtful face; the deep, dark eyes. 
It is the face of a lad who could not 
stay at home when he thought he was 
needed in the field. He was of the 
stuff of whicu good soldiers are made. 
Had he been ten years older he would 
have entereu a^ the head of d, compa- 
ny and come out at the he;^J of a di- 
division. But he did what he could. 
He enlisted as a private; he learned 
to obey. His serious, sensible ways, 
his prompt, aleit efficiency soon at- 
tracted the atten.ion of his superiors. 
He was so faithful in little things 
they gave him more and more to do. 
He was untiring in camp and on the 
march; swift, cool and fearless in 
fight. He left the army with fie'.d rank 



when til ■ war ended, l)reve ted by 
President Lincoln for gallantly in bat- 
tle. 

In coming years whei. men seek to 
draw the moral of our greai civil war 
nothing will seem to them so admira- 
ble in all the history of our two mag- 
nificent armies as the way in which 
the war came to a close. When the 
Confederate army saw the time had 
come, they acknowledged the pitiless 
logic of facts, and ceased fighting. 
When the a: my of the Union saw it 
was no longer needed, without a mur- 
mur or question, making no terms, 
asking no return, in the fiush of vic- 
ory and fullness of might, it laid down 
its arms and melted back into the 
mass of peaceful citizens. There is 
no event, since the nation was born, 
which has so proved its solid capacity 
for self-government. Both sections 
share equally in that ciown of g^ory. 
They had held a debate of incompara- 
ble importance and ha£ "ought it out 
wi.h equal enei'gy. A c elusion had 
been reacheu — and it is to the ever- 
lasting honor of both sides that they 
each knew when the war w^as over, 
and the hour ot a lasting peace had 
struck. We may admire the desper- 
ate daring of others who prefer anni- 
hilation to compromise, but the palm 
of common sense, and I will say of en- 
lightened patriotism, belongs to the 
men like Grant and Lee, who knew 
when they had fought enough, for 
honor and for country. 

William McKiniey, one of that sen- 
sible million of men, gladly laid down 
his sword and betook himself to his 
books. He quickly made up the time 
lost in soldiering. He attacked his 
Blackstone as he would have done a 
hostile entrenchment; finding the 
range of a country law libraiy too 
narrow, he went to the Albany Law 



Schc^j; where he worked energetic- 
ally with brilliant success — was ad- 
mitted to the bar and settled down to 
practice — a orevetted veteran of 24 — ■ 
in the quiet town of Canton, now and 
henceforward forever famous as the 
scene of his life and his pl&ce of sep- 
ulture. Here many blessings awaited 
him; high repute, professional suc- 
cess, and a domestic affection so pure, 
so devoted and stainless that future 
poets, seekirg ac ideal of Christian 
marriage, wli. find in it a theme 
worthy of their songs. This is a sub- 
ject 10 which the lightest allusion 
seems profanation; but it is impossi- 
ble to speak of William McKinley 
without remembeiing that no truer, 
tenderer knighi to his chosen lady 
ever lived among mortal men. If to 
the spirits of the just made pe?fect 
is pormitted the consciousness of 
early things, we may be sure that his 
faithful soul "c new watching over 
that gentle sufferer who counts the 
long hours in their shattered home in 
the deoolate splendor of his fame. 

A man possessing the qualities with 
which nature had endowed McKinley 
seeks political activity as naturally as 
a grc^-'ig plant seeks light and air. 
A wholesome ambition; a rare power 
>■[ making friends and keeping them; 
a faith, whicn may be called right- 
eous, in his country and its institu- 
dons; and, flowing from this, a belief 
rhat a man could do no nobler work 
than to serve such a country — these 
were the elements in his character 
that drew nim irresistibly into public 
life. He had from the beginning a 
remarkable equipment; a manner of 
singular grace and charm; a voice of 
ringing quality and great carrying 
power — vast as were the crowds that 
gathered aoout him, he reached their 
utmost fringe without apparent effort. 



He had an extraordinary power of 
marshaling and presenting significant 
facts, so as to bring conviction to the 
average mind. His range of reading 
was not wide; he read only what he 
might some day find useful, and what 
he read his memory held like brass. 
Those who knew him well in those 
early days can never forget the con- 
summate skill and power with which 
he would select a few pointed facts, 
and, blow upon blow, would hammer 
them into the attention of great as- 
semblages in Ohio, as Jael drove the 
nail into the head of the Canaanite 
captain. He was not often impas- 
sioned; he rarely resorted to the aid 
of wit or humor; yet I never saw his 
equal in controlling and convincing a 
popular audience by sheer appeal to 
their reason and intelligence. He did 
not flatter or cajole them, but there 
was an implie^ compliment in the se- 
rious and soDer tone in which he ad- 
dressed them. He seemed one of 
them ; in heart and feeling he was 
one of tham. Each artisan in a great 
crowd might say: That is the sort of 
man I would like to be, and under 
more favoring circumstances might 
have been. He had the divine gift of 
sympathy, which, though given only 
to the elect, makes all men their 
friends. 

So it came naturally about that in 
1876 — the beginning of the second 
century of the Republic — ha began, 
by an election to Congress, his polit- 
ical career. Thereafter for fourteen 
years this chamber was his home. I 
use the word aavisedly. Nowhere in 
the world was he so in harmony with 
his environments as here; nowhere 
else did his mind work with such full 
consciousness of its powers. The air 
of debate ^^-is native to him; here he 
drank del.ght of battle with his peers. 



In after clays, when he drove by this 
stately pile, or when on rare occa- 
sions his du'.y called him here, he 
greeted his old haunts with the af- 
fectionate zest of a child of the 
house; during all the la£?t ten years 
of his life, filled as they were with 
activity and glory, he never ceased to 
be home sick for this hall. When he 
came to the Presidency, there was not 
a day when his Congresional service 
was not of use to him. Probably no 
other President has been in such full 
and cordial communion with Con- 
giess, if we may except Lincoln alone. 
McKinley knew the legislative body 
thoroughly, its composition, its meth- 
ods, its nabits of thought. He had 
the profoundest respect for its au- 
thority and an inflexible belief in the 
ultimate rectitude of its purposes. Our 
history shows how surely an Execu- 
tive courts disaster and ruin by as- 
suming an attxcude of hostility or dis- 
trust ',o the Legislature; and, on the 
other hand, iv±cKinley's frank and sin- 
cere trust anu confidenc*-^ in Congress 
were repaid by prompt ■i'^A loyal sup- 
port and co-operation. Daring his en- 
tire term of offce this mutual trust 
and regard— so essential to the public 
welfare — was never shadowed by a 
single cloud. 

He was a Republican. He could 
not be anything else. A Union soldier 
grafted upon a Clay Whig, he neces- 
sarily believed in the "American sys- 
tem" — in protection to home indus- 
tries; in a strong, aggressive nation- 
ality; in a liberal construction of the 
Constitution. What any self-reliant 
nation might rightly do, he felt this 
nation had power to do, if required by 
the common welfare and not prohibit- 
ed by our writter charter. 

Following the natural bent of his 
mind, he devoted himself to ques- 



tions of finance and revenue, to the 
essentiai,- c^ ihe national housekeep- 
ing. He took : \gh rank in the Hou.se 
from the beginning. His readiness in 
debate, his mastery o every subject 
he handled, the l)right and amiable 
light he shed about him, and above 
all the unfailing couitesy and good 
will with which he treated friend and 
foe alike — one of the surest signa- 
tures of a na.ure born to great desti- 
nies—made his service in the House 
a pathway of unbroken success and 
brought him at last to the all-import- 
ant post of Chairman of Ways and 
Means and leader of the majority. Of 
the famous revenue act which, in that 
capacity, he framed and carried 
through Congress, it is not my pur- 
pose here and now to speak. The em- 
bers of the controversy in the midst 
of which that law had its troubled be- 
ing are yet too warm to be handled on 
a day like this. I may only say that 
it w^as never sufficiently tes';ed to 
prove the praises of its friends or the 
ciiticism of its opponents. After a 
brief existence it passed away, for a 
time, in the storm that t:wept the Re- 
publicans out of power. McKinley 
also passed through a brief zone of 
shadow; his congressional district 
having been rearranged for that pur- 
pose by a hostile legislature. 

Some one has said it is easy to love 
our enemies; they help us so much 
more than our friends. The people 
whose malevolent skill had turned 
McKinley out of Congress deserved 
well of him and of the Republic. Nev- 
er was Neme.=is more swift and ener- 
getic. The Republicans of Ohio were 
saved the trouble of choosing a Gov- 
ernor — the other side had chosen one 
for them. A year after McKinley left 
Congress ne was made Governor of 
Ohio, and two years later he was re- 



elected, each time by majorities un- 
hoped for and overwhelming. He 
came to fill a space In the public eye 
which obscured a great portion of the 
field of vision. In two National Con- 
ventions the Presidency seemed with- 
in his reach. But he had gone there 
in the interest ot others, and his honor 
forbade any dalliance with tempta- 
tion, .^o his nay was nay — delivered 
Avith a tone and gesture there was no 
denying. His hour was not yet come. 

There was, however, no long delay. 
He became, from year to year, the 
most prcninrTit poli.ician and orator 
in the count; y. Passionf.tely devoted 
to the principles of his party, he was 
alwaj'^s ready to do anything, to go 
anywhere, to proclaim its ideas and to 
support its candidates. His face and 
his voic3 became familiar .0 millions 
of our people; and wherever they were 
seen and heard, men became his par- 
tisans. His face was cast in a classic 
mold; j'ou see faces like it in antique 
marble in the galleries of the Vatican 
and in the port; aits of the great car- 
dinal-statesmen of Italy; his voice 
was the voice of the perfect orator — 
ringing, vibrating, tireless, persuading 
by its very sound, by its accent of sin- 
cere conviction. So prudent and so 
guarded were all his utterances, so 
lofty his courtesy, that he never em- 
barrassed his friends, and never of- 
fended his opponents. For several 
months before the Republican Nation- 
al Convention met in 1S96 it was evi- 
dent to all who had eyes to see that 
Mr. McKinley was the only probable 
candidate of his party. Other names 
were mentioned, of the highest rank 
in ability, character and popularity; 
they were supported by powerful com- 
binations; but the nomination of Mc- 
Kinley as against the field v»as inevi 
table. 



The campaign he made will be al- 
ways memorable in our political an- 
nals. He and his friends had thought 
that the issue for the year was the 
distinctive and historic difference be- 
tween the two parties on the subject 
of the tariff. To this wager of battle 
th3 discussions of the previous four 
years distinctly pointed. But no corni- 
er had the two parties made iheir 
nominations than it became evident 
that the opposing candidate declined 
to accept the field of discussion chos- 
en by the Republicans, and proposed 
to put forward as il e main issue the 
free coinage of sitver. McKinley at 
once accepted this challenge and, 
taking the battle for protection as al- 
ready won, went with energy into the 
discu:sion of the theories presented 
by his opponents. He had wisely con- 
cluded not to leave his home during 
the canvass, thus avoiding a proceed- 
ing which has always been of sinister 
augury in our politics; but from the 
front porcn 01 his modest house In 
■-^unton he daily addressed the delega- 
tions which came from every pn t of 
the country to greet him in a series of 
speecnes so strong, so varied, so per- 
tinent, so full of facts briefly set forth, 
of theories embodied In a single 
phrase, that they formed the hourly 
tf;xt for the other speakers of his par- 
ty, and give probably the most con- 
vincing proof we have of his surpris- 
ing fertility of resource and flexibility 
of mind. All this was done wi hout 
anxiety or strain. ,1 remem()er a day 
I spent wlti. him during that busy 
summer. Ae had made nineteen 
speeches the day before; that day he 
made many. But in the intervals of 
these addresses he sa': in his study 
and talked, with nerves as quiet and 
a mind as free from care as if we hiid 



been spending a holiday at '.lie seaside 
or among the hills. 

When he came to the PresidiOfey &c 
contronted a situation ^fi tcu ^i*~iiosi 
difficu'.ty, which might well have ap- 
palled a "Tian of less serene and tran- 
quil self confidence. There had been 
a state of profound commercial and 
industrial depression, f:om which his 
friends had said his elec ion would 
relieve the country. Our relations 
with the outsidr^ world left much to 
be desired. Ihe feeling between the 
Northern and Southern sections of the 
Union was lacking in the cordiality 
which was necessary to the welfare of 
bolh. Hawaii had asked for annexa- 
tion and had been rejected by the pre- 
ceding administration. There was a 
state of things in the Caribbean which 
could not permanently endure. Cur 
neighbor's nouse was on fire, and 
there were grave doubts as to our 
rights and duties in the piemises. A 
man either weak or rash, ei her irres- 
olute or headstrong, might have 
brought ruin upon himself and incal- 
culable harm to the country. 

Again I crave the pardon of those 
who differ with me, if, against all my 
intentions, I happen to say a word 
which may seem to them unbefit ing 
the place and hour. But I am here to 
give the opinion which his friends en- 
tertained of President McKinley, of 
course claiming no immunity from 
criticism in what I shall say. I be- 
lieve, then, that the verdict of his'.ory 
will be that he met all these grave 
questions with perfect valor and in- 
comparable ability; that in giappling 
with them he rose to ;h3 full height 
of a great occasion, in a manner 
which redounded to the lasting bene- 
fit of the coimtry and to his own im- 
mortal glory. I 

The least desirable form of glory to 



a man of hi^^ habitual mood and tem- 
1)31' — that of succes.ful war — was nev- 
er. heless confer, ed upon him by un- 
controllable events. He felt it must 
come; he deplored its necessity; he 
strained almost to breaking his rela- 
tions with his friends, in ordsr, first, 
to prevent and then to postpone it o 
the latest possible moment. But when 
the die was cast, he labored with the 
utmost energy and ardor, and v/ith an 
Intelligence in military matte s which 
showed how much of the soldier still 
survived in the mature statesman to 
push forward the war to a decisive 
close. War was an anguishto him; 
he wanted it short and conclusive. 
His merciful zeal communicated itself 
to his subordina es, and the war, so 
long dreaded, whose consequences 
\ve:e :o momentous, ended in a hun- 
dred days. 

Mr. Stedman, the dean of our poets, 
has called him "Augm_ente;^-ef— tire 
St ate." J t is a proud title; if .lustly 
conferred, it ranks him among the few 
whose names may be placed definite- 
ly and forever in charge of the his- 
toric Muse. Under his rule Hawaii 
has come to us, and Tutuila; Po to 
Rico and the vast archipelago of the 
East. Cuba is free. Our position in 
the Caribbean is assured beyond the 
possibility of future question. The 
doctrine called by the name of Mon- 
roe, so long derided and denied by 
alien publicists, evokes now no chal- 
lenge or contradiction when uttered 
to the world. It has become an inter- 
r.ational truism. Our sister republics 
to the south of us are convinced that 
we desire only their peace and pros- 
perity. Europe knows that we cher- 
ish no dreams but those of a v.-orld- 
wide commerce, the benefit of which 
shall be to all na ions. The State is 
augmented, tiut it threatens no nation 



J 



under heaven. As to those regions By patience, by firmness, by sheer 

which have come under the shadow of reasonableness, he improved our un- 

ou; flag, the possibility of their being derstanding wi.h all the great powers 

damaged oy such a change of circum- of the world, P,nd rightly gained the 

stances was in the view of McKinley blessing whijii belongs to the peace- 

a thing unthinkable. To believe that maKers. 

we could not administer them to their But the achievements of the nation 

advantage, was to turn infidel to our in war and diplomacy are thiown in 

American faita of more th«J7" a hun- the shade by the vast economical de- 

dred years. velopments which took place during 

In dealing with foreign powers, he Mr. McKinley's administra ion. Up to 

will take rank with the grea.est of the time of his first election, the 

our diplomats. It was a wo: Id of country was suffering from a long pe- 

which he had little special knowledge riod of depression, the reasons of 

before coming to the Presidency. But which I will not try to seek. But fiom 

his marvelous adaptability was in the moment the ballots were counted 

nothing more remarkable tlian in the Hiat betokened his advent to power a 

firm grasp he immediately displayed great and momentous movement in 

in international relations. In prepar- advance declared itself along all the 

ing for war and in the restoration of lines of industry and commerce. In 

peace he was alike adroit, courteous the very month of his inauguration 

and far-sighted. When a sudden steel rails began to be sold at $18 a 

emergency declared itself, as in Chi- ton — one of the most significant facts 

na, in a state of things of which our of modern times. It meant that 

country furnished no precedent and American industries had adjusted 

International law no safe and certain themselves to the long depression — 

precept, he hesitated not a moment to that through the power of the race to 

take the course marked out for him organize and combine, stimulated by 

by considerations of humanity and the the conditions then prevailing, and 

national interests. Even while the perhaps by (he prospect of legislation 

legations were fighting for their lives favorable to industry, America had be- 

against bands of infuriated fanatics, gun to undersell the rest of the woild. 

he decided that w^e were at peace with The movement w^ent on without ceas- 

China; and while that conclusion did ing. The President and his party 

not hinder him from taking the most kept the pledges of their platform and 

energetic measures to rescue our im- their canvass. The Dingley bill was 

peiiled citizens, it enabled him to speedily framed and set in opera' ion. 

maintain close and friendly relations All industries responded to the new 

\;Uh the wise and heroic viceroys of stimulus and American trade set out 

t-;e south, whose resolute stand saved on its new crusade, not to conquer 

that ancient empire from anarchy and the world, but to trade with it on 

snoliation. He disposed of every terms advantageous to all concerned, 

cnestion as it arose with a promp*- I will not weary you with statistics; 

neas and clariuy of vision that aston- but one or two wo ds seem necessary 

ished his advisers, and he never had to show how the acts of McKinley as 

O'-^-aslon to review a judgment or re- President kept pace with his profes- 

verse a decision. sions as candidate. His four years of 



adc-inistration we:e costly; we car- 
ried on a war which, though brief, was 
expensive. Although we borrowed 
two hundred millions and paid our 
own expenses, without asking for in- 
demnity, the effective reduction of the 
debt now exceeds the total of the war 
bonds. We pay six millions less in in- 
terest than we did before the war and 
no bond of ;he United States yields 
•.he holder 2 per cent on its market 
value. So much for the Government 
credit; and we have five hundred and 
forty-six millions of gross gold in the 
Treasury. 

But, coming to the development of 
our trade in tne four McKinley years, 
ws seem lo be entering the realm of 
fable. In iie last fiscal year our ex- 
cess of exports over imports was $664,- 
592,826. In the last four years it was 
$2,3.04,442,213. These figures are so 
stupendous that they mean little to a 
careless reader — but consider! The 
excess of exports over imports for the 
whole preceding period from 1790 to 
1897 — from Washington !o McKinley 
—was only $356,808, 822. 

The most extravagant promises 
made by the sanguine McKinley ad- 
vocates five years ago are left out of 
sight by these sober facts. The 
"debtor nation" has become the chief 
creditor nation. The financial center 
of the world, which required thou- 
sands of years to journey from the 
Euphrates to the Thames and the 
Seine, seems passing to the Hudson 
between daybreak and dark. 

I will not waste your time by ex- 
plaining that I do not invoke for any 
man the creait of this vast result. The 
captain can not claim that it is he 
who diives the mighty steamship over 
the tumbling billows of the trackless 
deep; but praise is justly due him if 
he has made the best of her tremen- 



dous powers, if he has read aright the 
currents of the sea and the lessons of 
the stars. And we should be ungrate- 
ful if, in this hour of prodigious pro.'* 
peiity, we snould fail to remember 
that William McKinley with sublime 
faith foresaw it, wi h indomitable 
courage labored for it, put his whole 
heart and mind into the work of bring- 
ing it about; that it was his voice 
which, in dark hours, rang out, her- 
alding the coming light, as over the 
twilight waters of the Nile the mystic 
cry of Memnon announced the dawn 
to Egypt, waking fiom sleep. 

Among the most agreeabls Incidents 
of the President's term of office were 
the two journeys he made to the 
South. The moral reunion of the sec- 
tions—so long and so ardently desired 
by him — had been ini iated by the 
Spanish war, when the veterans of 
both sides, and their sons, had march- 
ed shoulder to shoulder together under 
the same banner. The President in 
these journeys sought, with more than 
usual eloquence and pathos, to create 
a sentiment which should end forever 
the ancient feud. He was too good a 
politician to expect any results in the 
way of votes in his favor, and he ac- 
complished none. But for all that the 
good seed did not fall on barren 
ground. In the waim and chivalrous 
hearts of that generous people, the 
echo of his cordial and brotherly 
words will linger long, and his name 
will be cherished in many a household 
where even yet the Lost Cause is wor- 
shipped. 

Mr. McKinley was re-elected by an 
overwhelming majority. There had 
been little doubt of the result among 
well informed people; but when it was 
known, a profound feeling of reliet 
and renewal of trust were evident 
among the leaders of capital and of in- 



J 



dustry, not only in this country, but 
everywlie.e. Ttiey felt that the im- 
mediate future was secure, and that 
trade and commerce might safely 
push forward in every field of effort 
and enierprise. He inspired universal 
confidence, which is the lifeblood of 
the commercial system of the world. 
It began frequently to be said that 
such a state of things ought to con- 
tinue; one after another, men of prom- 
inence, said that the President was 
his own best successor. He paid lit- 
tle attention to these suggestions un- 
til they were repeated by some of his 
nearest friends. Then he saw that 
one of the most cherished traditions 
of our public life was in dange;-. The 
generation which has seen the proph- 
ecy of the Papal throne — Non videbis 
annos Petri — twice contradicted by 
the longevity of holy men was in per- 
il of forgetting the unwritten law of 
our Republic: Thou shalt no; exceea 
the years of Washington. The Presi- 
dent saw it was time to speak, and In 
his characteristic manner he spoke 
briefly, but enough. Where the light- 
ning strikes there is no need of itera- 
tion. From that hour, no one dreamed 
of douDting his purpose of retiring at 
the end of his second term, and it 
will be long befo.e another such les- 
son s required. 

Hfe felt thai the harvest time was 
come, to garner in the fruits of so 
much planting and culture, and he was 
determined that nothing he might do 
or say should be liable to the reproach 
of a personal interest. Let us say 
frankly he was a party man; he be- 
lieved the policies advocated by him 
and his friends counted for much in 
the country's progress and prosperity. 
He hoped in his second term to ac- 
complish substantial resul'.s in the de- 
velopment and affirmation of those 



polices. I spen. a day with him short- 
ly before he started on his fateful jour- 
ney to Buffalo. Never had I seen him 
higher in hope and patriotic confi- 
dence. He was as sure of the future 
of his country as the Psalmist who 
c.ied, "Glorious things are spoken of 
thee, thou City of God." He was grat- 
ified to the iieart that we had arranged 
a treaty which gave us a free hand in 
the Isthmus. In fancy he saw the 
canal built and the argosies of the 
world passing through it in peace and 
ami y. He saw in the immense evolu- 
tion of American trade the fulfillment 
of all his ureams, the reward of all 
his labors, xie was — I need not say — 
an aident protectionist, never more 
sincere and devoted than during those 
lait days of his life. He regarded rec- 
iprocity as tue bulwark of protection 
— not a breach, but a fulfillment of tae 
law. The treaties which for four years 
had been preparing under his per- 
sonal supervision he regarded as an- 
cillary to the general scheme. He 
was opposed to any revolutionary 
plan of change in the existing legis- 
lation; he was careful to point out 
that everything he had done was in 
faithful compliance with the law itself. 
In that moo a of high hope, of gen- 
erous expectation, he went to iBuffalo, 
and there, on the threshold of eterni- 
ty, he delivered that memorable 
speech, worthy for its loftiness of 
tone, its blameless niorfiJity, its 
breadth of view, to be regarded as his 
testament to the nation. Through all 
his pride of country and his joy of its 
success, runs the note of solemn warn- 
ing, as in Kipling's noble hymn, "Lest 
we forget. 

"Our capacity to produce has devel- 
oped so enormously and our products 
have so multiplied that the problem 
of more markets requires our urgent 



and immediate attention. Only a 
bioad and enlightened policy will 
keep what we have. No other i)olicy 
will get more. In these times of mar- 
velous business energy and gain we 
ought to be looking to the future, 
s rengthenlng the weak places in 
ou;' industrial and commercial sys- 
tems, that we may be ready lor any 
storm or strain. 

"By sensible trade arrangements 
which will not interrupt our home 
production we shall extend the outlets 
for our increasing suiplus. A system 
which proviues a mutual exchange of 
commodities is manifestly essential 
to the continued and healthful growth 
of our export trade. We must not re- 
pose in fancied security that we can 
forever sell everything and buy little 
or nothing. If such a thing were pos- 
sible, it would not be best for us or 
for those with whom v, e deal. * * * 
Reciprocity is the natural outgrowth 
of our w^ondertul industrial develop- 
ment under (he domestic policy now 
firmly established. * * * The period of 
exclusiveness is pa'st. The expansion 
of our trade and commerce is the 
pressing problem. Commeicial wars 
are unprofitable. A policy of good 
will and friendly trade relations will 
prevent reprisals. Reciprocity treaties 
are in harmony with the spirit of the 
times; measuies of retaliation are 
not." 

I wish I had time to read the whole 
of this wise and weighty speech; noth- 
ing I might say could give such a 
picture of the President's mind and 
character. His years of apprentice- 
ship had been served. He stood that 
day past master of the art of states- 
manship. He had nothing more to 
ask of the people. He owed them 
nothing but truth and faithful service. 
His mind and heart were purged of 



the leniptations which beset all men 
ensa^cd in he struggle to survive. 
In view of tiie revelation of his nature 
vouchsafed to us that day. and the 
fate which impended over him, we 
can only say in deep affection and sol- 
emn awe, "Blessed are the pure in 
heart, for they shall see God.' Even 
for that vision he was not unworthy. 

He had not long to wait. The tiext 
day sped the l)olt of doom, avid for a 
week after — in an agony of dread 
broken by illusive glimpses of hope 
that our prayers might be answered — 
the nation waited for the end. Noth- 
ing in the glorious life that we saw 
gradually waning was more admira- 
ble and exemplary than its close. - ^e 
genJe humanity of his words, when 
he saw his a:sailant in danger of sum- 
mary vengeance, "Don't let them huit 
him;" his chivalrous care that the 
news should be broken gently to his 
wife; the fine courtesy with which he 
apologized for the damage which his 
death would bring to the great Exhi- 
bition; and the heroic resignation of 
his final words, "It is God's way. His 
will, not oury, be done," were all the 
instinctive expressions of a nature so 
lofty and so pu. e that pride in its no- 
bility at once softened and enhanced 
the nation's sense of loss. The Re- 
public grieved over such a son — but 
is proud forever of having produced 
him. After all, in spite of i s tragic 
ending, his ilfe was extraordinarily 
happy. He had, all his days, troops 
of friends, the cheer of fame and 
fruitful labo: ; and he became at last 
"On fortune's crowning slope. 
The pillar of a people's hope. 
The center of a world's desire." 
He was fortunate even in his un- 
timely death, for an event so tragical 
called the world imperatively to the 
immediate stuuy of his life and char- 



A 



acter, and tnus anticipated the sure 
p.aises of posterity. 

Every young and growing people 
has to meet, at moments, the prob- 
lems of its destiny. Whe her the 
question comes, as in Egypt, trom a 
sphinx, symbol of the hostile forces of 
omnipotent nature, who punishes with 
instant death our failure to under- 
stand her meaning; or whether it 
comes, as in Jerusalem, from the 
Loud of Hosts, who commands the 
building of His temple, it comes al- 
ways with the warning that the past 
is past, and experience vain. "Your 
fathers, where are they? and the 
prophets, do they live forever?" The 
fathers are dead; the prophets are si- 
lent; the questions are new, and have 
no answer but in lime. 

When the ho. ny outside case which 
protects the infancy of a chrysalis na- 
tion suddenly bursts, and, in a single 
abrupt shock, it finds itself floating 
on wings which had not existed be- 
fore, whose strength it has never 
tested, among dangers it can not fore- 
see and is without experience to 
measure, 'every motion is a problem, 
and every hesitation may be an er:or. 
The past gives no clue to the fiiture. 
The fathers where are they? And the 
prophets, do they live forever? We 
are ourselves the fathers! we are our- 
selves (he prophets! The questions 
that aie put to us we must answer 
without delay, without help — for the 
sphinx allows no one to pass. 

At such moments, which have al- 
ready occurred at least twice in the 
brief history of our own lives, we may 
be humbly grateful to have had lead- 
ers simple in mind, clear in vision — 
as far as human vision can safely ex- 
tend — penetrating in knowledge of 
men, supple and flexible under the 
strains and pressures of society, in- 



stinct with the energy of new life and 
untried strength, cautious, calm, and, 
above all, gitted in a supreme degree 
with the most surely vic.orious of all 
political virtues — the genius of infi- 
nite patience. 

The obvious elements which enter 
into the fame of a public man are few 
and by no means recondite. The man 
who fills a great station in a period of 
change, who leads his countiy suc- 
cessfully through a time of crisis; 
who, by his power of persuading and 
controlling others, has been able to 
command the best thought of his age, 
so as to leave his country in a moral 
or material condition in advance of 
where he lound it — such a man's posi- 
tion in history is secure. If, in addi- 
tion to this, his written o:- spoken 
words possess the subtle quality 
which carry them far and lodge them 
in men's hearts; and, more than all, 
if his utterances and actions, while 
informed with a lofty morality, are yet 
tinged with the glow of human sympa- 
thy, the fame of such a man wul 
shine like a beacon through the mists 
of ages — an object of reverence, of 
imitation, and of love. It should be to 
us an occasion of solemn p;ide that in 
the three great crises of our history 
such a man was not denied us. The 
moral value to a nation of a renown 
such as Washington's and Lincoln's 
and McKinley's is beyond all compu- 
tation. No loftier ideal can be held 
up to the emulation of ingenuous 
youth. With such examples we can 
not be wholly ignoble. Grateful as 
we may be for what they did, let us 
bo still more grateful for what they 
were. While our daily being, our 
public policies, still feel the influence 
of their work, let us pray that in our 
sjiirits their lives may be voluble, 
calling us upward and onward. 



There is not one of us but feels renewed and kindled when he remem- 

prouder of his native land because the bars how McxJnley loved, revered and 

august figure of Washington presided served it, showed in his life how a 

over its beginnings; no one but vows ci.izen should live, and in his last 

it a tendered love because Lincoln hour taught us how a gentleman could 

poured his blood out for it; no one but die. 
must feel his devotion for his country 



f 




JOHN HAY, SECRETARY OF STATE. 



J 



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